Impairment, Discrimination, and the Legal Construction of Disability in the European Union and the United States
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 R I. From the Body to the Body Politic: The Transformation of Disability Law in the United States and the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 R A. Politics of the Body Disabled: The Medicalized Model in the European Community (1970s to 1996) . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 R B. Discovering the Body Politic: The Antidiscrimination Model in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 R C. Trans-Systemic Influences: The Migration of the Antidiscrimination Model from the United States to Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 R D. Disability Rights: The Social Model in Europe (after 1996) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 R II. What’s in a Name? Judges and the Definition of Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 R A. The Definition of Disability in EU Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 R B. The Definition of Disability in American Law . . . . . . . . . . 311 R III. Explaining the Resilience of the Medicalized Model in Judicial Definitions of Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 R A. Endogenous Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 R 1. Doctrinal Explanations: The Illusion of Retrospective Determinism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 R 2. Methods of Interpretation: Textualism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 R 3. Jurisprudential Explanations: Equality’s PathDependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 R B. Exogenous Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 R 1. Ideological Explanations: The Market and the Social as a Political Double Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 R
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